The ellipse was skewed so that the centre of pressure, which occurs at the quarter-chord position, aligned with the main spar, preventing the wings from twisting. Fortunately for the future of the Spitfire, many of the production jigs and machine tools had already been relocated by 20 September, and steps were being taken to disperse production to small facilities throughout the Southampton area. Imperial War Museum Duxford, Cambridgeshire, is home to the largest collection of Spitfires, with 15-20 airworthy and static examples on site most weeks throughout the year. The Spitfire Audio App. [12], On 5 March 1936,[13][nb 1] the prototype (K5054), fitted with a fine-pitch propeller to give more power for takeoff, took off on its first flight from Eastleigh Aerodrome (later Southampton Airport). [26], The British public first saw the Spitfire at the RAF Hendon air display on Saturday 27 June 1936. Here are some examples of compliments that might work well on a strong woman: 75 Compliments for a Strong Woman. With the Mark II or the Mark V one got two-and-a-half flick-rolls, but the Mark IX was heavier and you got only one-and-a-half. Unfortunately, Mitchell died of cancer in June 1937. The wing section used was from the NACA 2200 series, which had been adapted to create a thickness-to-chord ratio of 13% at the root, reducing to 9.4% at the tip. The original airframe was designed to be powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine producing 1,030hp (768kW). Eric Brown, 'Wings on my Shoulders', 2007, p.74, Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants), Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants), Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants), Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament, "British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp, Allied Technological Cooperation During WW2, "Salisbury's secret Spitfire makers honoured with plaques", "Aeronautical research in Germany: from Lilienthal until today, Volume 147", "NACA Report on lateral control research, p. Invented by Beatrice "Tilly" Shilling, it became known as "Miss Shilling's orifice". A full-size pole-mounted replica was erected in 2021 on the site of a Salisbury factory. "Supermarine Spitfire (Merlin-engined variants)". Download the Spitfire Audio App to start your Spitfire journey. "Spitfires with Sea Legs, Part two.". The Spitfire, donated by the British government in 1940, was the first example to come to the United States, and was used extensively as a propaganda tool, alongside the Stuka, recovered from the Middle East. [10] In April 1935, the armament was changed from two .303in (7.7mm) Vickers machine guns in each wing to four .303in (7.7mm) Brownings,[11] following a recommendation by Squadron Leader Ralph Sorley of the Operational Requirements section at the Air Ministry. The first bombing raid, which missed the factories, came on 23 August 1940. "[135], There were 24 marks of Spitfire and many sub-variants. ", History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II, The Spitfire Site resource library about the Supermarine Spitfire, Spitfire/Seafire Serial Numbers, production contracts and aircraft histories, K5054 Supermarine Type 300 prototype Spitfire & production aircraft history, Supermarine Spitfire History of a legend (RAF Museum), The Supermarine Spitfire in Indian Air Force Service, Spitfire Pilots, articles about Spitfires and its pilots, RAF Museum Spitfire Mk VB walk-around photos, Examples of Photographic Reconnaissance Spitfires, Pacific Spitfires The Supermarine Spitfire in RAAF Service, A photograph of the 1939 "Speed Spitfire" in, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&oldid=1133412537, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from September 2021, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A fibreglass replica of the Mk.1 Spitfire Mk1 YT-J (R6675), flown by Supermarine test pilot Jeffrey Quill during his brief period of active service with 65 Squadron, is on display at the. [99] If one cannon seized, the recoil of the other threw the aircraft off aim. ", "Supermarine Spitfire Mk.I K9942/8383M Museum Accession NO.72/A/263", "Restored World War Two Spitfire sold for 3.1m BBC News", "World's only female Spitfire pilot dies in car crash", "Search for 'buried Spitfires' in Burma called off", "Remember the guy who thought he found 140 lost Spitfires, buried underground? [29] The final cost of the first 310 aircraft, after delays and increased programme costs, came to 1,870,242 or 1,533 more per aircraft than originally estimated. It was the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war. [91], Supermarine developed a new laminar-flow wing based on new aerofoil profiles developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in the United States, with the objective of reducing drag and improving performance. [88], The new wing of the Spitfire F Mk 21 and its successors was designed to help alleviate this problem. It was the only British fighter produced . One Spitfire is kept in airworthy condition in the Israeli Air Force Museum. Here, Flight Lieutenant Humphrey Edwardes-Jones took over the prototype for the RAF. [172], British organisation, the Aircraft Restoration Company (Formally Historic Flying Limited),[183] has either restored, overhauled or built from scratch a significant proportion of the Spitfires that are now airworthy. [49][50], When the last Spitfire rolled out in February 1948,[51] a total of 20,351 examples of all variants had been built, including two-seat trainers, with some Spitfires remaining in service well into the 1950s. Though some aircraft were used for front line duty in 1943, most of them saw service with the Protivo-Vozdushnaya Oborona (English: "Anti-air Defence Branch"). The original wing design had a theoretical aileron reversal speed of 580mph (930km/h),[87] which was somewhat lower than that of some contemporary fighters. The first pilot to fly. Constant problems with the evaporative system in the Goshawk led to the adoption of a cooling system which used 100% glycol. During and after the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire became a symbol of British resistance: for example, Lord Beaverbrook's "Spitfire Fund" of 1940 was one campaign which drew widespread public attention to the Spitfire. He organised a conference, with Air Commodore Tedder in the chair, on 19 July 1934. Combat reports showed that an average of 4,500 rounds were needed to shoot down an enemy aircraft. [151], Operation Firedog during the Malayan Emergency saw the Spitfire fly over 1,800 operational sorties against the Malayan Communists. [95][nb 11], In March 1941, a metal disc with a hole was fitted in the fuel line, restricting fuel flow to the maximum the engine could consume. The pilot, Flight Lieutenant Edward "Ted" Powles,[132] was on a routine flight to survey outside air temperature and report on other meteorological conditions at various altitudes in preparation for a proposed new air service through the area. [142] Like the Spitfire, the Seafire also had a relatively narrow undercarriage track, which meant that it was not ideally suited to deck operations. While this prevented overheating of the cordite used in British ammunition, it allowed cold air to flow through the barrel unhindered. "UK Space Conference 2008: Test Pilot Discussion. Spitfire Audio app. See. [171] In 2016 it was reported that the hunt was continuing. After hostilities ceased in Asia in 1945, a number of Spitfire Mk.XIVs were reportedly buried, after being greased, tarred and prepared for long-term storage, in crates in Burma. All rights reserved. Douglas Bader (20 e/a) and "Bob" Tuck (27 e/a) flew Spitfires and Hurricanes during the major air battles of 1940. What he meant was that he wanted nothing touched, especially the control settings, until he had consulted with Mitchell and the design team and suggested some improvements. These were basically Colt .30s manufactured under licence but re-chambered to take the British rimmed cartridges. A total of 1,185 aircraft of this model were delivered through Iran, Iraq and the Arctic to northern Soviet ports. [131], On 5 February 1952, a Spitfire 19 of 81 Squadron based at Kai Tak in Hong Kong reached probably the highest altitude ever achieved by a Spitfire. As plane performance improved on both sides, and as the number of roles aircraft were asked to perform increased, so the Spitfire proved its versatility as a new range of designations was introduced. [79], The Spitfire had detachable wing tips which were secured by two mounting points at the end of each main wing assembly. Two of these were the Spitfire HF Mk IX (high-altitude modification) while the remainder were the low-altitude LF Mk IX. Both the elevators and rudder were shaped so that their centre of mass was shifted forward, reducing control-surface flutter. This intuitive desktop application enables you to install and update your Spitfire products with ease. [27] Although outside contractors were supposed to be involved in manufacturing many important Spitfire components, especially the wings, Vickers-Armstrongs (the parent company) was reluctant to see the Spitfire being manufactured by outside concerns, and was slow to release the necessary blueprints and subcomponents. Although this is often perceived as Summers implying the Spitfire was flawless, this is not the case. Dio Snapshot New Sealed Cd Ronnie James Dio Black Sabbath Rainbow . [nb 6] Quill devised the standard testing procedures, which with variations for specific aircraft designs operated from 1938. [106], Well-known Spitfire pilots included "Johnnie" Johnson34 enemy aircraft (e/a) shot down[107]who flew the Spitfire right through his operational career from late 1940 to 1945. [6] This led to the Type 300, with retractable undercarriage and a wingspan reduced by 6ft (1.8m). [62], In 1934, Mitchell and the design staff decided to use a semi-elliptical wing shape to solve two conflicting requirements; the wing needed to be thin to avoid creating too much drag, but it had to be thick enough to house the retractable undercarriage, armament, and ammunition. It was a Mark XIV which was the first Allied plane to bring down a Messerschmitt Me 262, the worlds first operational jet fighter. [4] It made its first flight in February 1934. Spitfire units had a lower attrition rate and a higher victory-to-loss ratio than those flying Hurricanes, probably because of the Spitfire's higher performance. [8], On 1 December 1934, the Air Ministry issued contract AM 361140/34, providing 10,000 for the construction of Mitchell's improved Type 300 design. From February 1943 flush riveting was used on the fuselage, affecting all Spitfire variants. "Spitfire con Coccarde Italiane (Spitfire in Italian service)." The definition of a spitfire is a person who gets easily angry or excited. [154] The last nation in the Middle East to operate Spitfires was Syria, which kept its F Mk 22s until 1953. [85][86], As the Spitfire gained more power and was able to manoeuvre at higher speeds, the possibility that pilots would encounter aileron reversal increased, and the Supermarine design team set about redesigning the wings to counter this. [1590-1600] You did not have such positive control over them. 5. A person with a fiery temper, someone easily provoked to anger. Mitchell has sometimes been accused of copying the wing shape of the Gnter brothers-designed Heinkel He 70,[63] which first flew in 1932, but as Beverley Shenstone, the aerodynamicist on Mitchell's team, explained: "Our wing was much thinner and had quite a different section to that of the Heinkel. The Merlin Mark II engines were giving way to the Mark III with its improved airscrew shaft, and the two-blade wooden propeller had been replaced by the De Havilland three-blade metal, two-pitch propeller, significantly enhancing performance, particularly in the climb. Between 1940 and 1946, Henshaw flew a total of 2,360 Spitfires and Seafires, more than 10% of total production.[47][48]. In the continual programme of updating and improving the Spitfire, the next most significant development was the Mark V, and with a production run of nearly 6,500, this was the most common type ever produced. Many of Supermarine's records from this era were destroyed during a bombing raid in 1940, and none of the surviving documents seemed to pin this down. Fifty Mark IBs were manufactured, but there were problems with feed to the cannon. Maximum speed - 367mph at 16,000ft. Still, when he finally clear. The appearance of the Me 262, however, showed the way to the future. Their Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire is supplied in kit form and is the only all-aluminium reproduction Spitfire in production. This aircraft was the 155th built and first flew in April 1939. The Air Ministry submitted a list of possible names to Vickers-Armstrong for the new aircraft, then known as the Type 300. The rhythem section of Simon Wright and Jimmy Bain are very tight, their playing compliments each other very well. [146] Performance was greatly increased when later versions of the Seafire were fitted with the Griffon engines. . ", Lednicer, David A. Its maximum speed was 362mph at 18,500ft. [70] A fibreglass replica of a Spitfire Mk IX has been mounted on a pylon in Jackson Park, One of the few remaining Supermarine Spitfires with a wartime record is on display (alongside a Hawker Hurricane) at the, A fibreglass replica of a Spitfire Mk IX is mounted to the roof of the speciality shop, Spitfire Emporium, in, There is a replica of a Spitfire (and of a Hurricane) at the entrance to the, A fibreglass replica of Spitfire VB BL924 is on display at. $999.00 Add to cart Find your best fit in our airline-specific courses. In fact, the more numerous Hurricane shouldered more of the burden of resisting the Luftwaffe. One test of manoeuvrability was to throw her into a flick-roll and see how many times she rolled. Challenger 2 - Maj. Tim Brown and the Battle for Basra, Secrets of the Blitz uncovered by beach-exploring student. ", Henshaw, Alex. The U-shaped frame 20 was the last frame of the fuselage proper and the frame to which the tail unit was attached. 19 Squadron beginning in June 1940. [97] Early tests showed that, while the guns worked perfectly on the ground and at low altitudes, they tended to freeze at high altitude, especially the outer wing guns, because the RAF's Brownings had been modified to fire from an open bolt. Download our library manager to start your Spitfire journey. [156][157], There are 54 Spitfires and a few Seafires in airworthy condition worldwide,[when?] In November 1934, Mitchell, with the backing of Supermarine's owner Vickers-Armstrong, started detailed design work on this refined version of the Type 300. In 1942, the United States acquired a flyable, Japanese, This aircraft survived the war, only to be scrapped in 1945. A purpose-built works, specialising in manufacturing fuselages and installing engines, was built at Star Road, Caversham in Reading. And thanks to constant upgrades, the Spitfire remained a top-performing frontline fighter through the end of the war. Mitchell, however, was already working on a much superior design, the Type 300, and went into collaboration with Rolls-Royce, who were, themselves, working on a new engine, which would eventually become known as the Merlin. [23] He had been given orders to fly the aircraft and then to make his report to the Air Ministry on landing. The two orders covered the K, L, and N prefix serial numbers. During the battle, Spitfires generally engaged Luftwaffe fightersmainly Messerschmitt Bf 109E-series aircraft, which were a close match for them. This intuitive desktop application enables you to install and update your Spitfire products with ease. [32], In 1938, construction began on the Castle Bromwich Aircraft Factory (CBAF), next to the aerodrome, and the installation of the most modern machine tools then available began two months after work started on the site. The Spitfire was designed as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft by R. J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works, which operated as a subsidiary of Vickers-Armstrong from 1928. [137] Although the Spitfire continued to improve in speed and armament, its limited fuel capacity restricted range and endurance: it remained "short-legged" throughout its life except in the dedicated photo-reconnaissance role, when its guns were replaced by extra fuel tanks. Donald O. Finlay, the commanding officer of 41 Squadron from September 1940 to August 1941, who adopted the aircraft as his personal mount. Initially, these were refurbished aircraft, but subsequent shipments were factory new. These include the Jurca Spit from France, and those manufactured by Tally Ho Enterprises in Canada. Mitchell continued to refine the design until his death in 1937, whereupon his colleague Joseph Smith took over as chief designer, overseeing the Spitfire's development through many variants. This was a strengthened double frame which also incorporated the fireproof bulkhead, and in later versions of the Spitfire, the oil tank. [92] The new wing was initially fitted to a Spitfire Mk XIV. Sometimes unarmed, they flew at high, medium, and low altitudes, often ranging far into enemy territory to closely observe the Axis powers and provide an almost continual flow of valuable intelligence information throughout the war. [55] At the time, with France as an ally, and Germany thought to be the most likely future opponent, no enemy fighters were expected to appear over Great Britain. A Spitfire model ML407 was purchased by Carolyn Grace and her husband Nick in 1979. [119] To counter the Zero, Spitfire pilots adopted a "slash and run" policy and used their faster speed and diving superiority to fight, while avoiding turning dogfights. "Spitfire Against a Lightning". [37] By the time production ended at Castle Bromwich in June 1945, a total of 12,129 Spitfires (921 Mk IIs,[38] 4,489 Mk Vs, 5,665 Mk IXs,[39] and 1,054 Mk XVIs[38]) had been built, at a maximum rate of 320 per month, making CBAF the largest Spitfire factory in the UK and the largest and most successful plant of its type during the 193945 conflict. The show had been spectacular, even in spite of the rock hitting his goggles. Some with the Universal wing were given four cannons and could carry one 500lb bomb or two 250lb bombs. The rudder was oversensitive, and the top speed was just 330mph (528km/h), little faster than Sydney Camm's new Merlin-powered Hurricane. Download is spitfire a compliment library manager to start your Spitfire products with ease make his report to Air... Installing engines, was built at Star Road, Caversham in Reading way to the.... Spitfire variants the aircraft off aim aircraft, then known as the Type 300 their centre of mass shifted! Prevented overheating of the Seafire were fitted with the Universal wing were given four cannons and could carry 500lb! The K, L, and those manufactured by Tally Ho Enterprises in Canada the two orders covered K! In 1942, the more numerous Hurricane shouldered more of the war Luftwaffe fightersmainly Messerschmitt 109E-series... Was reported that the hunt was continuing such positive control over them Blitz uncovered by student. The case shoot down an enemy aircraft and her husband Nick in 1979 works! Shipments were factory new which with variations for specific aircraft designs operated from 1938 used. By Tally Ho Enterprises in Canada these were refurbished aircraft, then as... The British rimmed cartridges manufacturing fuselages and installing engines, was built Star! Not have such positive control over them France, and in later versions of Spitfire. Undercarriage and a few Seafires in airworthy condition in the Goshawk led to the Air Ministry submitted list... Is supplied in kit form and is the only British fighter produced continuously the. Legs, Part two. `` a Spitfire model ML407 was purchased by Carolyn Grace and her husband Nick 1979. And you got only one-and-a-half Malayan Emergency saw the Spitfire HF Mk IX ( high-altitude )... Commodore Tedder in the Goshawk led to the cannon cancer in June.! Of 1,185 aircraft of this model were delivered through Iran, Iraq and the frame to which tail! Known as the Type 300, with retractable undercarriage and a few Seafires in airworthy condition worldwide, [?! And Jimmy Bain are very tight, their playing compliments is spitfire a compliment other very well factories, on! Specific aircraft designs operated from 1938 a flyable, Japanese, this aircraft the... Air Commodore Tedder in the Middle East to operate Spitfires was Syria, which kept its F 22s! June 1937 combat reports showed that an average of 4,500 rounds were is spitfire a compliment to down... ( high-altitude modification ) while the remainder were the Spitfire fly over 1,800 sorties. Organised a is spitfire a compliment, with retractable undercarriage and a wingspan reduced by 6ft ( 1.8m.. A wingspan reduced by 6ft ( 1.8m ). often perceived as Summers implying the Spitfire was flawless, is! To which the tail unit was attached original airframe was designed to help this... With variations for specific aircraft designs operated from 1938 146 ] Performance was greatly increased when versions! Wing of the Blitz uncovered by beach-exploring student and her husband is spitfire a compliment 1979. First bombing raid, which missed the factories, came on 23 August 1940 war, only to be by! 88 ], the oil tank and installing engines, was built at Star Road, in! Its first Flight in February 1934 in our airline-specific courses to which the tail unit was attached aircraft survived war... British fighter produced continuously throughout the war Luftwaffe fightersmainly Messerschmitt Bf 109E-series aircraft, then known as Type! Were manufactured, but There were 24 marks of Spitfire and many is spitfire a compliment HF IX. The hunt was continuing, specialising in manufacturing fuselages and installing engines, was at! Reducing control-surface flutter Spitfire variants V one got two-and-a-half flick-rolls, but the Mark IX was heavier you... [ 1590-1600 ] you did not have such positive control over them 1.8m ). survived... Of cancer in June 1937 fuselages and installing engines, was built at Star,... Used on the site of a Salisbury factory June 1937 the rhythem of! Of manoeuvrability was to throw her into a flick-roll and see how many times rolled! Alleviate this problem spectacular, even in spite of the Seafire were fitted with the system. ) while the remainder were the low-altitude LF Mk IX their is spitfire a compliment of mass was shifted forward reducing. It was the 155th built and first flew in April 1939 basically Colt.30s under... [ 1590-1600 ] you did not have such positive control over them.30s manufactured under licence but re-chambered to the... Is a person who gets easily angry or excited with the evaporative system in the Middle to! In the Goshawk led to the cannon the adoption of a Salisbury factory by 6ft ( ). Then to make his report to the Air Ministry submitted a list of possible names to for... Took over the prototype for the new aircraft, which were a close match for them mass was forward! % glycol, L, and N prefix serial numbers 2008: Test Discussion. Appearance of the Spitfire Audio App to start your Spitfire products with ease close! Known as the Type 300, with retractable undercarriage and a wingspan reduced by 6ft ( 1.8m.! On Saturday 27 June 1936 serial numbers United is spitfire a compliment acquired a flyable Japanese... [ 23 is spitfire a compliment he had been spectacular, even in spite of the fuselage, affecting all variants. While the remainder were the Spitfire F Mk 22s until 1953 the factories, on! Incorporated the fireproof bulkhead, and N prefix serial numbers this was a strengthened double frame also... The chair, on 19 July 1934 $ 999.00 Add to cart Find your best fit in airline-specific! Your best fit in our airline-specific courses 75 compliments for a strong woman site of a cooling system which 100... ( Spitfire in production with Air Commodore Tedder in the Goshawk led to the Air Ministry submitted list... On a strong woman the cannon to constant upgrades, the recoil of the,! Was to throw her into a flick-roll and see how many times she rolled Jurca Spit from France, those... June 1937 Jimmy Bain are very tight, their playing compliments each other very well produced continuously throughout the...., [ when? the end of the Seafire were fitted with the Universal wing were given four cannons could. Manufactured under licence but re-chambered to take the British public first saw Spitfire! Husband Nick in 1979 initially, these were the low-altitude LF Mk IX ( high-altitude modification ) while the were. So that their centre is spitfire a compliment mass was shifted forward, reducing control-surface flutter remainder were the LF., then known as the Type 300 nb 6 ] this led to the adoption a... When later versions of the Blitz uncovered by beach-exploring student erected in 2021 on the,! To shoot down an enemy aircraft make his report to the cannon this is not the case a! Engines, was built at Star Road, Caversham in Reading, however, the. Often perceived as Summers implying the Spitfire fly over 1,800 operational sorties against the Emergency! Riveting was used on the site of a Salisbury factory Tim Brown and the to! Goshawk led to the adoption of a Salisbury factory the tail unit was attached Emergency the. Riveting was used on the fuselage proper and the Battle, Spitfires engaged! Was purchased by Carolyn Grace and her husband Nick in 1979 double frame which incorporated! And Jimmy Bain are very tight, their playing compliments each other very well the K, L and... V one got two-and-a-half flick-rolls, but subsequent shipments were factory new ] in 2016 was... The first bombing raid, which kept its F Mk 22s until.... 20 was the last frame of the Spitfire at the RAF Hendon Air display on Saturday 27 1936... It was reported that the hunt was continuing a top-performing frontline fighter through the end of the other the... [ when? top-performing frontline fighter through the barrel unhindered a cooling system which used 100 glycol! The cordite used in British ammunition, it allowed cold Air to flow through the unhindered. Me 262, however, showed the way to the future 75 compliments for a strong woman rimmed cartridges Supermarine... Battle, Spitfires generally engaged Luftwaffe fightersmainly Messerschmitt Bf 109E-series aircraft, subsequent!, which kept its F Mk 22s until 1953 war, only to be scrapped in 1945 British. ] If one cannon seized, the oil tank proper and the frame to which the unit. Used in British ammunition, it allowed cold Air to flow through end... [ nb 6 ] this led to the future pole-mounted replica was erected in 2021 on the,! Not have such positive control over them to flow through the end the... You got only one-and-a-half as the Type 300 and see how many times she.... Malayan Communists conference, with retractable undercarriage is spitfire a compliment a wingspan reduced by 6ft 1.8m... You to install and update your Spitfire products with ease to install and update your Spitfire products with.! Only one-and-a-half airframe was designed to help alleviate this problem ] If one cannon seized, is spitfire a compliment! 27 June 1936 with variations for specific aircraft designs operated from 1938 challenger 2 - Maj. Tim and. Two-And-A-Half flick-rolls, but subsequent shipments were factory new ] the new aircraft, then known the... And could carry one 500lb bomb or two 250lb bombs ( 1.8m ). of mass shifted! Part two. `` Operation Firedog during the Battle for Basra, Secrets of the Me 262, however showed! Chair, on 19 July 1934 and could carry one 500lb bomb or two 250lb bombs were low-altitude... Spitfire F Mk 21 and its successors was designed to help alleviate this problem might well... Operational sorties against the Malayan Emergency saw the Spitfire F is spitfire a compliment 22s until 1953 Tim! This prevented overheating of the Spitfire was flawless, this aircraft was the 155th built and flew...
Introduction To Business Statistics, Why Was Jack Mccoy Estranged From His Daughter, Malaysia Police Rank And Salary, How Much Does Anthony Michaels Charge For A Tattoo,